The Sudden Blow

Her head was beating from the unexpected blow. Blood was running down the side her face as she recalled. He had tormented her, corrupted her sentiments, and removed her monetary solidness. She felt always caught as she was the just one to observe such contemptible acts. â€Å"There is nobody here to see this. There is nobody here to spare me from what occurs inside these walls† she murmured, voice breaking. Casualties like this must experience the foul play of not having the option to have a sense of security in their own home or even their own skin. Regardless of whether it be perpetrating hurt for the casualty through physical maltreatment, playing with their feelings through psychological mistreatment, or monetarily controlling them through budgetary maltreatment, abusers discover ways for some ladies to experience the ill effects of local maltreatment in their every day lives. Physical maltreatment is one of the numerous parts of residential maltreatment. This sort of misuse is generally known as it tends to be witnesses firsthand. Be that as it may, physical maltreatment doesn't generally need to occur on the person in question. By and large, physical maltreatment can happen some place close to the person in question. It shows that â€Å"When an accomplice is fierce close or around you, doing things like perforating the divider, the message is ‘Next time this could be your head'† (Carlson 146). Various measures of individuals will forget about the episode and accept that it won't mean anything later on yet such a demonstration can raise rapidly and leave the casualty wrecked. In the event that this message is given, the abuser is discharging their outrage on an article genuinely and it won't be some time before the abuser coordinates their indignation on their casualty †the person who caused their trouble. When they direct their resentment on the person in question, it can prompt extraordinary savagery that the casualty isn't equipped for monitoring. Sam is a casualty who had been truly manhandled herself. She takes a stand in opposition to one of the accounts of her excursion with physical abuse:I was at home and I cooked his dinner†¦he got back home when the food was on the table. He resembled ‘Oh, it's excessively cold,' so I put it in the microwave and warmed it up. I offered it to him and he said it was too hot†¦and you begin to get this stressed feeling like ‘It will occur. He's going to hurt me.' He tossed the plate and crushed it against my head and he fired thrashing me and kicking me on the floor and punching. (Sam?)This is a case of extreme physical maltreatment. Here, the abuser takes a run of the mill, straightforward misjudging and misrepresents it until it arrives at its full limit. Much of the time, the individuals who are in solid connections would have the option to work this out without it getting physical. The casualty shows that she has the consistent concern of not having any desire to conflict with the abuser's needs. Along these lines, they are consistently sneaking around the abuser and the subsequent they accomplish something even a tiny smidgen wrong, it turns into another warmed battle. This occurrence is only one look at what a typical day for a genuinely mishandled accomplice must experience. There are consistently different cases. A few results of physical maltreatment could even be deadly. This is one of the more outrageous instances of physical maltreatment. It ought to be realized that â€Å"One lady is lethally shot by a life partner, ex-companion, or dating accomplice each 14 hours† (â€Å"NCADV†). Many don't comprehend the centrality of manslaughter in physical maltreatment and don't connect this significance to the way that it despite everything occurs. This measurement shows that the individuals who are in local maltreatment connections are at an exceptionally high danger of being executed by their better half.

What is the Best College Essay Word Limit?

What is the Best College Essay Word Limit?If you are wondering what is the best college essay word limit, then this article will answer that question for you. It is important to know exactly what is not allowed when it comes to writing an essay so you can avoid having your work rejected.You can find out what the most common word limit for college essays is on the Internet. You should be aware of the rules before you get started. It is no fun to learn these things and find out later that they are not in your favor.There are many sites that give you a list of different word limits. It is up to you to take their word for it. Don't make the mistake of believing anything else other than what the site says. It is your responsibility to verify their information before you begin.Of course, it is possible that you could be asked to write an essay with a much higher limit. This is usually because of a requirement that states a student must be able to demonstrate what they know about the topic at hand. In these cases, you may be asked to prove that you know the subject well enough to qualify for the term limit.It is very important to remember that you do not have to go into the task to write an essay completely. You can use a combination of the two. You must make sure that you do not misuse the resources that you have been given.The one thing you need to remember is that the word limit that you are given will be the limit you have to work with when writing your essay. If there is a topic that you are unsure of, then the only option you have is to look it up on the Internet or hire someone to look it up for you.There are many resources out there that will help you write a great work. Just make sure that you don't abuse these resources.Remember that there is no such thing as a 'no-word limit' because words never stop flowing. All you have to do is put in the time and effort to learn the proper way to use it properly.

Government and Society

Corporate Social Responsibility is basically about doing great and doing well.It for the most part alludes to the way toward coordinating social qualities and crucial business dynamic, to accomplish positive and economical results towards business, condition and the network on the loose. Idea of CSR incorporates explicit issuesProduct wellbeing Honesty in promoting Affirmative activity Employees rights Affirmative activity Environmental manageability Ethical conduct Difference btw illicit and unscrupulous conduct Eg: Buffet: squandered food. Glob csrCorporate Citizenship Concepts Corporate Social Responsibility ïÆ' Obligation ïÆ' responsibility Corporate Social Responsiveness ïÆ' Action movement Corporate Social Performance ïÆ' results resultsBusiness analysis/social Responsibility cycle4-part meaning of CSR Sustainable partner model The Social Responsibility of business envelops the monetary, lawful, moral and optional ( magnanimous) desires that society has of associations at a given purpose of time. Monetary ResponsibilitiesBusiness utilizes numerous administration ideas that are coordinated toward money related execution of the association Economic supportability REQUIRED of business by society Profitable Max deals, min costs Strategic choices Legal obligations Reflect spciety’s perspective on â€Å"codified ethics† in the sensethat they encapsulate essential thoughts of reasonable practices as set up by our administrators Biz’s duty toward society to consent to these laws Do not grasp the full scope of practices expected of business by society Law can't address all issues that business may faceLaw frequently lingers behind later interpretationsof what is viewed as suitable conduct Laws are made by officials and may mirror the individual premium and political inspirations of lawmakers as opposed to proper moral defenses. Laws are fundamental yet not adequateREQUIRED of business by society Obey all laws, cling to all regulationsE thical Responsibilities Embrace exercises and practices that are epected or precluded by society despite the fact that they are not arranged into aw Embody the full extent of standards, guidelines esteems and desires that reflect what purchasers, employes, investors, and the network view as reasonable, just, and predictable with deference for or security of stakeholders’ moral rights. Morals/values are the main impetuses behind the underlying making of laws and guidelines. EXPECTED of a bizAvoid flawed practices. Do what os reasonable right and justDiscretionary desires ( Philantrophic) Reflect current expectaions of business by general society. Sum and nature of these exercises are deliberate or optional, guided just bu biz’s want to participate in social exercises that are not commanded, not req by law, and not by and large expected by business in a moral sense DESIRED/EXPECTED of business by societyGood corporate resident Contribute back by giving projects supportin g network: instruction, wellbeing or human administrations etc†¦ Provide for network improvement Engage in volunteerismPyramid of CSR Sustainable partner modelEquation Economic Responsibility + Legal Responsibilities + Ethical Responsibilities + Philantrophic Responsibilities = Total Corporate ResponsibilityArguments against CSR FOR AGAINST Enlightened Self-intrigue If business is to have a sound atmosphere wherein to work later on, it should take activities presently to guarantee long haul practicality Long term feasibility is the pri driver in the ebb and flow worry for supportability. Averting government RegulationsAbility to avoid future govt guidelines and intercession May guarantee more prominent opportunity in dynamic Resources accessible Biz has a repository of the board ability useful aptitude, and capital.Proacting as opposed to Reacting Proacting is more commonsense and less exorbitant than just responding to issues that have alr happened. Eg: natural contamination: Biz cld forestall ecological deteoriration by receiving cleaner alternativesPublic bolster Classical Economics Social issues are not worries of business pp Should be settled by the liberated activities of the free market Business not prepared Managers are situated towards money and tasks and don't have important ability ( social murders) to settle on social choices. Less evident todayDilutes business reason Too much force effectively Global seriousness Placing business in a powerless situation regarding worldwide rivalry. Business needs to disguise costs that it in the past gave to the general public: environmenta cisr, separation.

Introduction To Malcolm X And His Life - Free Essay Example

Malcolm Little, better known as Malcolm X, was born May 19, 1925 and assassinated February 21, 1965. He was an African-American leader and figurehead in the Nation of Islam (NOI), important to the movement for freedom and equality in postwar America because of his orations regarding, race, pride, and black nationalism in the 1950s and 1960s. Early in life, Malcolm struggled to survive as a black, young man growing up in Omaha, Nebraska, especially with a father whose activism for the local chapter of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and preaching gained attention from white supremacist groups, leading to his familys frequent encounters with harassment. Persecution followed the family as they moved from Omaha to Milwaukee to Lansing, and eventually led to the 1921 death of his father. After his mother was admitted into a mental institution following her husbands death, Malcolm and his siblings were put into separate foster homes. Although he excelled in school, he was not expected to do much. At fifteen, his English teacher made this clear, telling him explicitly that his dream of becoming a lawyer was unrealistic. Malcolm dropped out of school and eventually earned a 10 year prison sentence in 1946. HE occupied his time in prison by reading books and getting familiar with the Nation of Islam by visiting siblings. NOI was a small faction of black Muslims who embraced black nationalism, believing that in order to gain freedom, justice, and equality, black Americans must establish an independent state from white Americans. His conversion to the Nation of Islam, before his release from prison in 1952, would lead to his work as a minister and activist for the NOI, where he would work alongside their leader, Elijah Muhammad, to expand the movements following among black Americans. This time in postwar America, is populated with rapid progress in almost every way possible. Between 1945 and 1960, the gross national product in the US more than doubles; the economy is booming and much of it is a result of government spending on interstate highways, schools, veterans benefits, and new technologies, like military airplanes and consumer goods. Middle-class Americans had more money to spend than ever before and usually spent it on leisure and children. However, beneath this picture of a prosperous America, issues regarding civil rights and counterculture begin to erupt. In 1948 we begin to see our government take on these greater issues. President Truman issued an executive order that outlawed segregation in the US military and the Supreme Court declared government support, enforcing restrictive agreements to exclude minorities from buying homes in white neighborhoods, to be illegal with the Shelley v. Kraemer case. The 1950s was the first time, however, that this fig ht against racism and segregation, truly entered mainstream of American life. Malcolm Little, at this same time, makes his first statement as a newly devoted follower of NOI by changing his surname to X at the suggestion of his leader, Elijah Muhammad. This was meant to abandon what he, and, considered to be his slave name and also signify his lost tribal name. After his release from prison, was quickly appointed as a minister and national spokesman by Muhammad. Under Muhammads lead, the NOI developed a coherent theology, as opposed to its founder, Wallace D. Fard. He taught the basic principles of Islam, including monotheism, submission to Allah, and a strong family life, along with traditional behaviors like celibacy. Malcolm capitalized on these teachings as he spread them through newspaper columns, the radio, and television. He did everything in his power to communicate these NOI messages and promote a program of economic self-sufficiency for blacks, the development of black-owned businesses, and the creation of a separate black nation carved out of the states of Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. His national newspaper, Muhammad Speaks, was established in 1960 and accredited him with increasing NOI membership 60-fold from 1952 to 1963. His message grew more radical over time, exemplified by his Organization of Afro-American Unity found ing rally on June 28, 1964 in which he persuaded blacks to abolish racism by any means necessary, including violence. These militant proposals won over a large number of followers but, also opened doors for criticism by those who pegged his beliefs as hate speech, for surveillance by FBI agents who infiltrated the organization, and for opposition from less radical civil rights activists, like Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Furthering his controversy, Malcolms comment on president John F. Kennedys assassination earned him a silence by Muhammed. In March 1964, he terminated his relationship with NOI, founded his own religious organization, the Muslim Mosque, Inc., and went on a pilgrimage to Mecca. He converted to traditional Islam, changed his name to El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, and returned to America with a new outlook. After witnessing the harmony among Muslims of all races, he spoke to all people about his surprising, newfound hope for integration and peaceful revolution in the United States. However, relations between Malcolm and Muhammad remained volatile as many attempts were made to assassinate Mal colm X, until the attempt on February 21, 1965 proved successful. Malcolms work advanced the conversation of freedom in America in three clear ways; he spread the word around interracial cooperation, allowed people to question the effectiveness of nonviolent methods in gaining African-American freedom, and demonstrated the lengths all people will go to secure their own idea of freedom. It is clear that throughout the beginning of his activist work, he was more interested in black independence than integration. However, by catering to the militant ideals of some, progress was made in joining more people into the conversation. The United States was slowly making progress in terms of racial integration. For example, in 1954 the Supreme Court overturned the separate but equal doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson, with the Brown v. Board of Education decision. This ruling was a step in the right direction for America but, it was not implemented socially and allowed for troubles like the 1956 signing of the Southern Manifesto, a doctrine declaring that Souther n congressmen would do all they could to defend segregation, and the 1957 incident at Little Rock High School. For nine black students to enter school, Eisenhower needed to follow a court order and send federal troops to escort children into their school building. It is understandable that many would view this marshal tactic as a symbol that more militant measures need to be used to produce results. Sending messages like this to the American people inevitably results in beliefs similar to those held by Malcolm X and his supporters. The condoning of violence in the case that it is necessary, demonstrated how far people would go to secure their idea of freedom. It is important to realize, however, that this was not the first time this message came about. Organizations like the Klu Klux Klan actively practiced violence as a means of preserving their own idea of freedom; however, because it was now officially proposed as a means for African Americans, Malcolm had shed light upon this debate. He proved that all human beings would fight for this right, America itself did so when battling Britain for freedom. Conversation regarding what freedom was, how it differed between and within races, and the right means of obtaining it, forced people to redefi ne what they believed. This African-American leaders impact on American history is multifaceted. As Malcolm Little, he proved that African-Americans could succeed in being influential, simply by excelling in school after being told he could not. His legacy as Malcolm X, contributed to the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. He opened the doors for Black Power, a post-1966 rallying cry for a more militant civil rights movement and emphasis on African-American pride. The Black Panther Party, for example, advocated for armed self-defense in response to police brutality, a more militant and radical approach. His short-lived legacy as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, however, symbolized the ever-changing ideals of America and the way personal, individual reactions affect masses. For Malcolm X, it made sense to follow Elijah Muhammads teachings rather than align himself with a figure like Martin Luther King Jr. He discovered, sooner than Dr. King, that the institutionalized nature of over two centuries of segregation and racism would not be solved with simple nonviolent rallying. Malcolms tactics targeted the angry mentality of his people and the social implication of trying to force segregated people into the same rooms as one another and expect a good outcome. Malcolm felt that Dr. Kings solutions worked in theory, but never played out in reality; therefore, this shift in disposition between the two and their followers was inevitable. However, after separating himself from NOI and challenging his own beliefs, Malcolm X reevaluated his stance, daring to explore the idea that he was wrong about a militant style. Although this last identity as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz was short-lived, it is worth acknowledging for its symbolic power. Today, the United States is divided; today, claiming to be a Democrat or a Republican, not only speaks on ones political stance, but on ones character. The debates Americans normally have are ad hominem arguments, leaving no room for questioning or altering ones own views. Malcolms final conversion to El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz teaches that anger can blind human vision, but, America can actually have a bloodless revolution.

A Meta Analysis Of Schizophrenia Used By Heinrichs And...

Within the 47 studies, were wide ranges of neuropsychological tests including 156 cognitive test variables. This meta-analysis categorized the tests into ten broad, separable cognitive domains allowing for a general outline. These tests were categorized based on a similar outline for a meta-analysis of schizophrenia used by Heinrichs and Zakzanis in 1998. These ten cognitive domains support quantitative and interpretive comparisons and include: immediate verbal memory, attention (divided into three subdomains of processing speed, working memory, and vigilance), nonverbal memory, general cognitive ability, language functions, visuospatial abilities, delayed verbal memory and learning strategies, executive functioning, social cognition, and motor skills. Studies show medium to large deficits for first episode schizophrenia samples compared to the control samples. Testing indicated first episode samples preform worse and show impairments in each domain category compared to control sampl es based on negative ES values. In addition, analyses showed significant heterogeneity amongst all ten domains (Mesholam-Gately et al., 2009). It is evident that there are significant impairments among first episode samples in the three groups of memory, specifically in both serial list learning and story memory immediate recall where SMDs were -1.20. A smaller ES (SMD of -0.85) was found in delayed verbal memory and learning strategies; similarly, the nonverbal memory domain SMD was -0.91. AllShow MoreRelatedThe Responsibilities Of Cognitive Functions1718 Words   |  7 Pagesor improving cognitive function. Causes of Decline Cognition There are many causes for the decline of cognitive function. Mental illness can affect how the mind perceives the information that is delivered through senses and experiences. Schizophrenia patients experience neuropsychological impairment. Age is accompanied by a slightly altered cognition, however in most cases is not life altering. There are diseases such as dementia and Alzheimer’s that inhibit cognitive function. Injuries at

Descriptive Essay On A Haunted House - 751 Words

It was a sunny morning the streets were honking filled with cars. I called my friend over so we could play baseball. Ethan had told me that there was a haunted house on Halloween that was the scariest in town. I was never a big fan of Halloween all the costumes, people coming to your house thats weird. And plus this haunted house we are supposed to go to is right by the woods. â€Å"Ethan I dont think im going to that place its right by the woods†. Ethan was looking at me like I was crazy, â€Å" ARE YOU NUTS! We are going no matter what and we are going to bring James as well†. Later that night I was taking the trash out, two tall shadowy figures emerged out of the dark into the streetlight. The men were dressed in clown costumes, thinking to†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"noah why are you breathing hard†?said mom. I look at her and I just lie to her face â€Å"I was just running down the street for fun thats all†. She leaves the room, admittedly I call Ethan tell him about the creepy clowns, of course he doesnt believe me. He brings up the haunted house I just decided to man up and go, and just deal with it. For Halloween i dressed up as a caveman, Ethan was a skeleton, and James was a troll. It was finally here the night where people get candy and get scared to death it was time to go to the haunted house. As me Ethan and James are walking to the haunted house we come upon the forest,the damp dark shadowy forest. And of course Ethan makes the idea â€Å"hey we should go through the forest for a shortcut† Ethan said. I stopped him right there â€Å"we are not going through that forest there is something weird about it† I said. In a mocking voice Ethan makes fun of me, â€Å"yeah you shouldnt go those clowns are properly in there†. James and Ethan laugh. I said â€Å" Alright stop im coming†. As we start walking I get that nauseated, nervous feeling in my stomach. I get agitated looking around if so mething were following us, i asked where we were.Ethans response did not seem confident,I knew it, we were lost. James started to get scared, â€Å"lets just go back† James said. As we started to walk back things did not look right its like we were going in circles, the same rocks the same trees. James was freaking out screaming at the top of his lungs â€Å"HELP!Show MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay On A Haunted House790 Words   |  4 Pagesa bright and sunny Saturday afternoon. I had just picked up my best friend, Sarah and we were headed to the most haunted amusement park in the country, which just so happened to be in my state, West Virginia. It had been abandoned since 1966 and only opens for one month a year for Halloween. I’ve always hated scary things. Always. (29) However, Sarah loved the terrifying haunted houses, dressing up for Halloween, and the feeling of being scared. (22) But I didn’t want Sarah to think I was a baby,Read MoreDescriptive Essay On A Haunted House782 Words   |  4 PagesMy friends consisted of mary,riley,and samantha we had all been friends for a while now and got along pretty well. â€Å" So are you guys ready to go to the haunted house yet?† â€Å"No but I probably never will be so I guess I am† riley said a little too loudly. â€Å"Okay then lets go† mary said with enthusiasm. So we went off walking towards the haunted house. We blended in pretty well with all the children trick-or-treating because we had all dressed up even though none of us were trick-or-treating. I was wearingRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Haunted House777 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I walked into the haunted house to explore it. The old porch was creaking I was shaking. As I walked it the door slammed behind me. I got scared to try to open the door there was no budging . I ran to the back door of the house, it was looking too, there was no way I was getting out. I thought to myself â€Å"this house is hauntedà ¢â‚¬ . I decided to look around the house and see what it was like. There were four bedrooms, two bathrooms, A kitchen, living room, and a den. I just figured out thereRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Haunted House941 Words   |  4 Pagesadventure through a haunted house. My cousins Mariah and Tyina were planning to join me on a October 31st night to remember. The first thing the three of us did was get dinner and talk about how we were kind of nervous to go and walk the haunted house. After dinner we all got in the car and drove to our destination and then we bought the tickets and were waiting to get in. We all felt as if we had butterflies in our stomachs. As we were about to walk through the door to the haunted house we were startledRead MoreDescriptive Essay About A Haunted House1965 Words   |  8 Pagesresist. It was a broken down old house in the street behind ours. It is a house with the yellow paint peeling off to show the hundred-year-old red wood that was used to build it underneath. The paint was fading away as rain eroded the house. No one knew if there was someone living in there. It was practically yelling at me, â€Å"JAMES, COME IN HERE! I AWAIT YOUR PRESENCE!† My mom had once said, â€Å"No one knows what happened to the house and the housekeeper. The house used to be the perfect color of pearlsRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Haunted House Attraction722 Words   |  3 Pagespounding out of our chests.We were getting ready to go the the 13th Floor Haunted house attraction. It was a big deal for Tara and Bri but for me it wasn’t as a big deal because this was my second time going. The first time I went i went with a really close friend of mine and we both chickened out, but this time I was going to make it count. We were so excited earlier in the day we couldnt stop thinking about the haunted house we were all nervous of course but be were super excited. When school letRead MoreThe Task Of Composing A Descriptive Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesRecently, my Composition I teacher assigned the class the task of composing a descriptive essay. This led me to the question, â€Å"what is a descriptive essay?† What topic could I possible write about for three whole pages? What have I done, seen, or experience that could fill these three long pages? My life thus far has been quite sheltered, so this has created quite the dilemma for me. Being that I am supposed to be descriptive, I feel the need to describe the stress that this has created for me. My physicalRead MoreSymbolism in The Story of an Hour758 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in the â€Å"Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin For this lesson I read The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin. Although there are many literary devices used in The Story of an Hour, I have decided to write my essay on the use of symbolism. The literary device symbolism is a technique used to represent ideas and events by using significant or important things that stand out in the story. A few things that stood out most in the story would be the comfortable chair, and Mrs. Mallards heartRead More The Yellow Wallpaper1523 Words   |  7 Pagesknows how to draw an exquisite circumstance and arrange the information. The story has demonstrated the descriptive scenes, even it’s a small detail. The powerful descriptive information and the symbols in the story helped to make the success of the story. That process is called setting which is the idea of the broad, form picture of the story. In the beginning of the story, we can see the house where the narrator and her husband rent for their summer vacation. It is the main and only place that storyRead MoreThe Use of Language in The Red Room and The Signalman Essay2418 Words   |  10 PagesHow is language used to create atmosphere in The Red Room and The Signalman? In this essay I will be comparing two stories The Signalman and The Red Room, I will be looking at the language techniques and how they are used throughout the stories. All language techniques are used for a reason and in this case it is used to create atmosphere and also keep the readers attention. The stories are both Victorian and remembered for their supernatural content as well as the actual story. The Signalman

Polar Bear free essay sample

The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is a bear native largely within the Arctic circle encompassing the Arctic Ocean, its surrounding seas and surrounding land masses. It is the worlds largest land carnivore and also the largest bear, together with the omnivorous Kodiak bear, which is approximately the same size. [3] An adult male weighs around 350-680 kg (770-1 ,500 while an adult female is about half that size. Although it is closely related to the brown bear, it has evolved to occupy a narrow ecological niche, with many body characteristics adapted for cold emperatures, for moving across snow, ice, and open water, and for hunting the seals which make up most of its diet. [5] Although most polar bears are born on land, they spend most of their time at sea (hence their scientific name meaning maritime bear) and can hunt consistently only from sea ice, so spend much of the year on the frozen sea. We will write a custom essay sample on Polar Bear or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The polar bear is classified as a vulnerable species, with 8 of the 19 polar bear subpopulations in decline. 6] For decades, unrestricted hunting[clarification eeded] raised international concern for the future of the species; populations have rebounded after controls and quotas began to take effect. [citation needed] For thousands of years, the polar bear has been a key fgure in the material, spiritual, and cultural life of Arctic indigenous peoples, and the hunting of polar bears remains important in their cultures. The IIJCN now lists global warming as the most significant threat to the polar bear, primarily because the melting of its sea ice habitat reduces its ability to find sufficient food. The II-JCN states, If climatic trends continue polar bears may become extirpated from most of their range within 100 years. [7] The polar bear was listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act by the United States Department of the Interior in 2008. Habitat The polar bear is often regarded as a marine mammal because it spends many months of the year at sea. [28] Its preferred habitat is the annual sea ice covering the waters over the continental shelf and the Arctic inter-island archipelagos. These areas, known as the Arctic ring of life, have high biological productivity in comparison to the deep waters of the high The polar bear tends to frequent areas where sea ice meets water, such as polynyas and leads (temporary stretches of open water in Arctic ice), to hunt the seals that make up most of its diet. [30] Polar bears are therefore found primarily along the perimeter of the polar ice pack, rather than in the Polar Basin close to the North Pole where the density of seals is low. 1] Annual ice contains areas of water that appear and disappear throughout the year as the weather changes. Seals migrate in response to these changes, and polar bears must follow their prey. [29] In Hudson Bay, James Bay, and some other areas, the ice melts completely each summer (an event often referred to as ice-floe breakup), forcing polar bears to go onto land and wait through the months until the next freeze-up. [29] In the Chukchi and Beaufort seas, polar bears retreat each summer to the ice further north that remains frozen year-round.